PREFACE. An attempt has been made in the following pages to portray Abraham Lincoln, mainly in his relations to the country at large during his eventful administration. With this view, it has not been deemed necessary to cumber the work with the minute details of his life prior to that time. This period has, therefore, been but glanced at, with a care to present enough to make a connected whole. His Congressional career, and his campaign with Senator Douglas are presented in outline, yet so, it is believed, that a clear idea of these incidents in his life can be obtained After the time of his election as President, however, a different course of treatment has been pursued. Thenceforward, to the close of his life, especial pains have been taken to present everything which should show him as he was the Statesman persistent, resolute, free from boasting or ostentation, destitute of hate, never exultant, guarded in his prophecies, threatening none at home or abroad, indulging in no utopian dreams of a blissful future, moving quietly, calmly, conscientiously, irresistibly on to the end he saw with clearest vision. Yet, even in what is presented as a complete record of his administration, too much must not be expected. It is impossible, for example, to thoroughly dissect the events of the great Rebellion in a work like the present. Nothing of the kind has been attempted. The prominent features only have been sketched; and that solely for the purpose of bringing into the distinct foreground him whose life is under consideration, Various Speeches, Proclamations, and Letters, not vitally essential to the unity of the main body of the work, yet valuable as affording illustrations of the man have been collected in the Appendix. Imperfect as this portraiture must necessarily be, there is one • conciliatory thought. The subject needs no embellishment. It furnishes its own setting. The acts of the man speak for themselves. Only such an arrangement is needed as shall show the bearing of each upon the other, the development of each, the processes of growth. Those words of the lamented dead which nestle in our hearts so tenderly-they call for no explanation. Potent, searching, taking hold of our consciences, they will remain with us while reason lasts. Nor will the people's interest be but for the moment. The baptism of blood to which the Nation has been called, cannot be forgotten for generations. And while memories of him abide, there will inevitably be associated with them the placid, quiet face, not devoid of mirth its patient, anxious, yet withal hopeful expression-the sure, elastic step-the clearly cut, sharply defined speech of him, who, under Providence, was to lead us through the trial and anguish of those bitter days to the rest and refreshing of a peace, whose dawn only, alas! he was to see. Though this work may not arise to the height required, it is hoped that it is not utterly unworthy of the subject. Such as it is -a labor of love-it is offered to those who loved and labored with the patriot and hero, with the earnest desire that it may not be regarded an unwarrantable intrusion upon ground on which any might hesitate to venture. Philadelphia, June, 1865. F. C. CONTENTS. Preliminary-Birth of Abraham Lincoln-Removal from Kentucky-At Work-Self Edu- cation-Personal Characteristics-Another Removal-Trip to New Orleans-Becomes Clerk-Black Hawk War-Engages in Politics-Successive Elections to the Legisla- ture-Anti-Slavery Protest-Commences Practice as a Lawyer-Traits of Character- The Mexican War-Internal Improvements-Slavery in the District of Columbia-Public Lands-Retires to Private Life-Kansas-Nebraska Bill-Withdraws in Favor of Senator Trumbull-Formation of Republican Party-Nominated for U. S. Senator-Opening Speech of Mr. Lincoln-Douglas Campaign-The Canvass-Tribute to the Declaration Speeches in Ohio-Extract from the Cincinnati Speech-Visits the East-Celebrated Speech at the Cooper Institute, New York-Interesting Incident....... The Republican National Convention-Democratic Convention-Constitutional Union Con- vention-Ballotings at Chicago-The Result-Enthusiastic Reception-Visit to Spring- field-Address and Letter of Acceptance-The Campaign-Result of the Election- South Carolina's Movements-Buchanan's Pusillanimity-Secession of States-Con- federate Constitution-Peace Convention-Constitutional Amendments-Terms of the The Departure-Farewell Remarks-Speech at Toledo-At Indianapolis-At Cincinnati- At Columbus-At Steubenville-At Pittsburgh-At Cleveland-At Buffalo-At Albany -At Poughkeepsie-At New York-At Trenton-At Philadelphia-At "Independence Hall"-Flag Raising-Speech at Harrisburg-Secret Departure for Washington-Com- Effects of Sumter's Fall-President's Call for Troops-Response in the Loyal States- In the Border States-Baltimore Riots-Maryland's Position-President's Letter to Maryland Authorities-Blockade Proclamation-Additional Proclamation Comments Abroad-Second Call for Troops-Special Order for Florida-Military Movements..... 108 Opening of Congress-President's First Message-Its Nature-Action of Congress-Resolu- tion Declaring the Object of the War-Bull Run-Its Effect.... Election of the Rebels-Davis' Boast-McClellan appointed Commander of Potomac Army -Proclamation of a National Fast-Intercourse with Rebels Forbidden-Fugitive Slaves -Gen. Butler's Views-Gen. McClellan's Letter from Secretary Cameron-Act of August 6th, 1861-Gen. Fremont's Order-Letter of the President Modifying the Same-Instruc- tions to Gen. Sherman-Ball's Bluff-Gen. Scott's Retirement-Army of the Poto- The Military Situation-Seizure of Mason and Slidell-Opposition to the Administration- President's Message-Financial Legislation-Committee on the Conduct of the War- Situation of the President-His Policy-Gradual Emancipation-Message-Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia-Repudiation of Gen. Hunter's Emancipation Order -Conference with Congressmen from the Border Slave States-Address to the Same- President's War Order-Reason for the Same-Results in West and Southwest-Army of the Potomac-Presidential Orders-Letter to McClellan-Order for Army Corps- The Issue of the Campaign-Unfortunate Circumstances-President's Speech at Union Meeting-Comments-Operations in Virginia and Maryland-In the West and South- |