Introduction to Chemical Physics: Designed for the Use of Academies, High Schools, and Colleges

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Van Nostrand, 1874 - 550 páginas
 

Contenido

Chemistry is connected with many processes in the Arts
10
Chemistry explains Respiration
11
Chemistry explains the extraction of Metals
12
Importance of Chemistry
13
DIFFUSION OF HEAT EXPANSION LIQUEFACTION EBULLITION
22
Porous bodies bad conductors
28
Liquids poor conductors
35
xiv
40
The third mode of diffusionRadiation
64
The radiation of the Earth
70
The refrangibility of rays of heat may be altered by re radia
74
The different reflecting powers of different substances
76
Expansion of Solids proved
80
The absorption of Heat affected by Color
82
Injurious effects of Expansion
86
Water expands in freezing
98
Construction of the Thermometer
104
Heat of Composition
112
Liquefaction always produces a reduction of Temperature
118
EXPERIMENTS EFFECTS OF HEATLIQUEFACTION125
125
The Boiling point variableinfluenced by atmospheric pressure
131
The culinary paradoxWater made to boil by the application
137
The Steam Engine in its most complete form
143
Law of the propagation of pressure through Fluids
149
The beneficial effects of this Constitution
153
Steam may be used expansively
155
The Spheroidal state explains the explosions of Boilers
164
The amount of Vapor formed and its elasticity proportioned
170
Transmission of Heat depends upon the source from which
172
The rate of Evaporation of different Liquids in Air is unequal
180
The Pulse Glass
186
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAR PAGE 215 Effect of the condensation of the watery Vapor of the Air
187
The amcnnt of watery Vapor contained in the Air
188
Effect of reducing the temperature of the Air upon the amount of watery Vapor contained in it
191
Constitution of Gasesdifference between Vapors and Gases
194
The amount of pressure varies with the Gas
195
Thiloriers process for solidifying Carbonic acid
196
Solid Carbonic acid 226 Solidification of other gases 198
198
226 Natterers process for liquefying gases improved by Ritchie
200
227 Evaporation of liquefied gases applied to the manufacture of ice
202
228 Carrés Ice Machine
204
The pressure exerted by liquefied gases
207
The constitution of the Globe dependent upon temperature
208
EXPERIMENTS EFFECTS OF HEATEVAPORATION209
209
Specific HeatCapacity for Heat 229 The amount of Heat in different bodies of the same Tempera ture unequal Specific Heat
210
Proof that different bodies of equal weight contain unequal amounts of Heat Method of mixture
211
Specific Heat determined by the time required to heat equal weights of different bodies equally
212
Specific Heat determined by rate of cooling
213
Specific Heat determined by the amount of Ice melted
214
Specific Heat determined by the rise of Temperature produced in equal weights of Water
215
The Specific Heat of Water
216
The Specific Heat of Gases
217
Regnaults determination of the Specific Heat of Gases
219
The Specific Heat of a body may be changed by altering its density
220
The Specific Heat of a body changed by altering its physical state
221
The convertibility of the Forces and their indestructibility
225
The distribution of temperature in the atmosphere explained
226
Diathermancy not proportioned to Transparency
230
The Sources of Heat
232
The mechanical theory of Heat
238
CHAPTER III
246
The double refraction and polarization of Light
252
The Chemical rays of the Solar beam
258
The Mechanical theory confirmed by several simple facts
262
Spectra produced by the light of the Nebula and by Artificial
265
The dark lines of the Solar Spectrum exactly coincident with
271
PAR PAGE 289 The dark lines of the Solar Spectrum explained
272
All surfaces are affected by the Suns light
286
The relations of the rays of Heat Light and Chemical effect in the Solar Spectrum
287
CHAPTER IV
289
The nature of Electricity
290
The sources of Electricity
291
Electrical attraction and repulsion
292
Two bodies similarly electrified repel each other
293
Conductors and NonconductorsInsulation
294
Vitreous electricity cannot be produced without a corresponding amount of Resinous electricity and vice versa
295
Induction of Electricity
296
The intervention of solid matter no obstacle to Induction
297
The theory of Induction
298
Mode of charging the Leyden Jar
304
Galvanic Electricity
311
Proof that Chemical decomposition is the source of Galvanic
317
Proof that a state of electrical Tension exists in the plates before
323
The Galvanic Battery
329
РАВ
330
Bunsens Battery
336
Heating effects of the Galvanic current
343
The decomposition of Water by the Battery
349
Secondary decomposition
355
Magnetic effects of the current
367
The diamagnetism of Gases
373
The Astatic Galvanometer
379
The Atlantic Telegraph Cable
403
The Magnetic Telegraph
406
Application of Electromagnetism to the production of Motion
409
Electromagnetic Clocks
415
Progress of discovery in Electromagnetism
421
through a considerable distance
427
Induction of a Secondary current in the primary wire itself
433
Induced Tertiary currents Henrys Coils
440
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAR PAGE 444 History of the discovery of Magnetoclectricity
442
VoltaMagnetoelectric Induction
443
History of the discovery of the Induction of Electricity by Elec tromagnetism
444
Aragos Rotations
446
The magnetism of the Earth induces secondary currents of Elec tricity in metallic bodies in motion
448
Magnetoelectric Induction confirms Amperes Theory
449
Pages Separable helices
450
The Circuitbreaker
452
Ruhmkorffs Coil for inducing secondary electrical currents
454
453 The Condenser 454 Ruhmkorffs Coil complete 456
456
439
457
Ritchies improved Ruhmkorffs Coil 1
459
The management of Ruhmkorffs Coil
462
The mechanical effects of Ruhmkorffs Coil
464
The Luminous effects
466
The Light intermittent and affected by the Magnet
470
Application of Geisslers Tubes to medical purposes and to the illumination of Mines
472
Application of Ruhmkorffs Coil to Spectrum Analysis
473
Chemical effects
474
Conversion of Carbon into the Diamond by the long continued action of the Coil
477
Saxtons Magnetoelectric Machine
480
Pages Magnetoelectric Machine
483
Magneto electricity used in the Arts in place of Voltaic electric ity especially for the illumination of Lighthouses
485
470 Siemens and Wheatstones Machines
496
471 Ladds first Machine 472 Ladds second Machine 497
497
Difference between the electricity of the machine and battery
500
Points of resemblance between the electricity of the Machine and the secondary electrical currents induced by the primary current and by Magnets
502
Progress of discovery in the induction of electricity and
508
Thermomultiplier of Melloni
514
Various sources of Electricity and its relations to the other
522
The convertibility and equivalency of Forces true of all
528
59
534
The expansion of the Liquids produced by the condensation
540
Diathermancy explained on the supposition that there are differ
545

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