LABOR LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA.

BLOWER ACT OF JULY 24, 1913.
(Pamphlet Laws, page 970. No. 447.)

AN ACT

To protect the health and lives of employes in certain occupations, by requiring the use of blowers, or similar apparatus, in connection with certain kinds of machinery, and specifying the equipment to be used in connection therewith; regulating the use of such blowers and apparatus, and providing penalties for violation of this act.

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c., That all persons, companies, or corporations operating any factory or workshop where emery-wheels or emery-belts of any description are used, either solid emery, leather, leather-covered, felt, canvas, linen, paper, cotton, or wheels or belts rolled or coated with emery or corundum, or cotton-wheels used as buffs, shall provide the same with blowers, or similar apparatus, which shall be placed over, beside, or under such wheels or belts, in such a manner as to protect the person or persons using the same from the particles of dust produced and caused thereby, and to carry away the dust arising from or thrown off by such wheels or belts, while in operation, directly to the outside of the building, or to some receptacle placed so as to receive and confine such dust: Provided. That grinding machines upon which water is used at the point of the grinding contact shall be exempt from the provisions of this act; and, provided, this act shall not apply to factories or workshops where men are not employed continuously at such wheels or belts more than three hours in twenty-four hours.

Section 2. It shall be the duty of any person, company, or corporation operating any such factory, or workshop, to provide or construct such appliances, apparatus, machinery, or other things necessary to carry out the purpose of this act, as set forth in the preceding section, as follows: Each and every wheel shall be fitted with a sheet of case iron, or hood or hopper, of such form, and so applied to such wheel or wheels, that the dust or refuse therefrom will fall from such wheels, or will be thrown into such hood or hopper by centrifugal force, and be carried off by the current of air into a suction-pipe attached to same hood or hopper.

Section 3. This act shall become operative on the first day of January, one thousand nine hundred and fourteen.

Section 4. The inspectors of the Department of Labor and Industry are hereby authorized to enter and inspect all factories and workshops, for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of this act.

Section 5. Any person or persons, or company, or managers or directors of any company or corporation, who shall have the charge or management of any factory or workshop, who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and not exceeding three hundred dollars.

Section 6. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed.

CHILD LABOR ACT OF MAY 13, 1915.
(Pamphlet Laws, page 286. No. 177.)

AN ACT

To provide for the health, safety, and welfare of minors: By forbidding their employment or work in certain establishments and occupations, and under certain specified ages; by restricting their hours of labor, and regulating certain conditions of their employment; by requiring employment certificates for certain minors, and prescribing the kinds thereof, and the rules for the issuance, reissuance, filing, return, and recording of the same; by providing that the Industrial Board shall, under certain conditions, determine and declare whether certain occuраtions are within the prohibitions of this act; requiring that certain minors shall, during the period of their employment, attend certain schools, to be established as therein provided, and to be approved by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and regulating the conditions of such attendance; authorizing the State Board of Education, in certain cases, to appoint attendance officers to aid in enforcing the provisions of this act, and creating the salary and expenses of such officers a charge against the school district wherein they are employed; requiring certain abstracts and notices to be posted; providing for the enforcement of this act by the Commissioner of Labor and Industry, the attendance officers of school districts, and police officers; and defining the procedure in prosecutions thereunder, and establishing certain presumptions in relation thereto; providing penalties for the violation of the provisions thereof; and repealing all acts or parts of acts inconsistent therewith.

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c.. That wherever the term "establishment" is used in this act, it shall mean any place within this Commonwealth where work is done for compensation of any kind. to whomever payable: Provided. That this act shall not apply to children employed on the farm, or in domestic service in private homes. The term "person" when used in this act, shall be construed to include any individual, firm, partnership, unincorporated association, corporation, or municipality.

The term "week" when used in this act, shall mean any consecutive seven days.

The term "minor," when used in this act, shall mean any person under twenty-one years of age. Wherever the singular is used in this act the plural shall be included, and wherever the masculine gender is used the feminine and neuter shall be included.

Section 2. No minor under fourteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in. about, or in connection with, any establishment or in any occupation.

Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person to employ any minor between fourteen and sixteen years of age, unless such minor, shall. during the period of such employment, attend. for a period or periods, equivalent to not less than eight hours each week, a school approved by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The school aforesaid may be conducted in the establishment where said minor is employed, or in a public school building, or in such other place, either in the district in which said minor is employed or in any joint school authorized by section eighteen hundred and one (1801) of article eighteen (18) of an act, approved May the eighteenth, nineteen hundred and eleven (1911), entitled "An act to establish a public school system in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, together with the provisions by which it shall be administered, and prescribing penalties for the violation thereof; providing revenue to establish and maintain the same, and the method of collecting such revenue; and repealing all laws, general, special or local, or any parts thereof, that are or may be inconsistent therewith," as the board of school directors of the school district in which said minor is employed may designate: Provided, however, That such school shall be within reasonable access to said place of employment. Any school aforesaid shall be part of the public school system of the school district wherein said minor is employed, or of the school district or districts where said minor attends. The school hours shall not be on Saturday; nor before eight o'clock in the morning, nor after five o'clock in the afternoon, of any other day. Every person who shall employ any said minor shall notify the officer by whom the employment certificate, as hereinafter provided for the said minor, shall have been issued, within four days after said minor shall have entered his employment, of the name and location of the school at which said minor should be in attendance, and of the hours which said minor should attend said school during the continuance of said employment: Provided, That this section shall not be effective in any school district until there has been established, within said school district in which said minor is employed, or within reasonable access to said place of employment in an adjoining district, such a school.

Section 4. No minor under sixteen years of age shall be permitted to work in, about, or in connection with any establishment, or in any occupation, for more than fifty-one hours in any one week, or more than nine hours in any one day, or before six o'clock in the morning, or after eight o'clock in the evening, of any day. In computing the maximum number of hours per day or per week permitted under this act, the hours spent in school by said minor shall be considered as part of the working day or working week.

Section 5. No minor under sixteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in operating or assisting in operating any of the following machines, which, for the purposes of this act, are considered dangerous: Paper-lace machines, job or cylinder printing presses operated by other than foot-power; stamping machines used in sheet metal and tinware or in paper or leather manufacturing, or in washer and nut factories; metal or paper cutting machines; corrugating rolls, such as are used in making corrugated paper, or in roofing or washboard factories; dough-brakes, or cracker machinery of any description; wire or iron straightening or drawing machinery; rolling-mill machinery; power punches or shears; washing or grinding or mixing machinery; calendar-rolls in paper and rubber manufacturing, or other heavy rolls driven by power; laundering machinery; upon or in connection with any dangerous electrical machinery or appliances. Nor shall any minor under sixteen years of age be employed or permitted to work, in any capacity, in adjusting or assisting in adjusting any belt to any machinery, or in proximity to any hazardous or unguarded belts, machinery, or gearing, while the same is in motion; nor on scaffolding; nor in heavy work in the building trades; nor in stripping, assorting, or manufacturing tobacco; nor in any tunnel; nor in a public bowling-alley; nor in a pool or billiard-room; nor in the manufacture of paints, colors, or white-lead; nor in any capacity in preparing compositions in which dangerous leads or acids are used; nor in the manufacture or use of dangerous or poisonous dyes; nor upon any railroad, steam, electric or otherwise; nor upon any boat engaged in the transportation of passengers or merchandise; nor in operating motor-vehicles of any description; nor in any anthracite or bituminous coal-mine, or in any other mine; nor about blastfurnaces; nor in or about any distillery, brewery, or any establishment where alcoholic liquors are manufactured or bottled.

No minor under eighteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in the operation or management of hoisting machines, in oiling or cleaning machinery, in motion; in the operation or use of any polishing or buffing-wheel; at switch-tending, at gatetending, at track-repairing; as a brakeman, fireman, engineer, or motorman or conductor, upon a railroad or railway; as a pilot, fireman, or engineer upon any boat or vessel; in or about establishments wherein gunpowder, nitro-glycerine, dynamite, or other high or dangerous explosive, is manufactured or compounded; as a chauffeur of an automobile or an aeroplane.

No minor shall be employed or permitted to work in, or in connection with, any saloon or bar-room where alcoholic liquors are sold.

In addition to the foregoing, it shall be unlawful for any minor under eighteen years of age to be employed or permitted to work in any other occupation dangerous to the life or limb, or injurious to the health or morals, of the said minor, as such occupations shall, from time to time, after public hearing thereon, be determined and declared by the Industrial Board of the Department of Labor and Industry: Provided, That if it should be hereafter held by the courts of this Commonwealth that the power herein sought to be granted to the said board is for any reason invalid, such holding shall not be taken in any case to affect or impair the remaining provisions of this section.

Section 6. No minor shall be permitted to work as messenger for a telephone, telegraph, or messenger company, in the distribution, collection, transmission, or delivery of goods or messages, before six o'clock in the morning or after eight o'clock in the evening of any day.

Section 7. No male minor under twelve years of age, and no female minor, shall distribute, sell, expose, or offer for sale any newspaper, magazine, periodical, or other publication, or any article of merchandise of any sort, in any street or public place. No male minor under fourteen years of age, and no female minor, shall be suffered, employed, or permitted to work at any time as a scavenger, bootblack, or in any other trade or occupation performed in any street or public place. No male minor under sixteen years of age, and no female minor, shall engage in any occupation mentioned in this section before six o'clock in the morning, or after eight o'clock in the evening, of any day.

Section 8. Before any minor under sixteen years of age shall be employed, permitted, or suffered to work in, about, or in connection with, any establishment, or in any occupation, the person employing such minor shall procure and keep on file, and accessible to any attendance officer, deputy factory inspector, or other authorized inspector or officer charged with the enforcement of this act, an employment certificate as hereinafter provided, issued for said minor.