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Nothing could furpass the strict- fered to religious worship." This nefs which prevailed in every quar- accords but ill with a toleration of ter where the fugitive nobility. diforder. are received; and if I might draw conclufions respecting the country at large from what I fee around me, restraint of opinion is exiled with those who owed to its exiftence their guilty pre-eminence.

The day after our arrival was rendered festive by a new enrolment of national guards. This was formed out of the citizens above the age of eighteen years, and was effected without the leaft symptom of diforder. Befide the guard thus regularly embodied, the citizens are seen every evening in different parts of the town, learning, againft an emergency, the use of arms. It certainly is animating to read, in a thousand confpicuous places, proclamations fetting forth the right of private judgment; allowing to every man the free exercise of his opinion in matters of religion; and establishing to each individual the liberty of adopting that mode of worship he best approves. :

This would, however, be nugatory and ridiculous, were the flighteft encouragement given to contumacy and diforder. This has been faid out of the country; but the contrary has appeared wherever I have enquired. I read upon the door of the cathedral at Strasburg an advertisement, which stated, That a young man having behaved improperly in the cathedral during the performance of divine service; and, after admonition from the centinel, perfifted in a conduct unbecoming the folemnity of the place and occafion, was, by the officers of the police, fentenced to imprifonment for this infult of VOL, XXXVII.

Account of the Public Eating-houses at Vienna. From the fame.

In all these houses the custom is, to give every man his portion separate; infomuch that though numbers dine at the fame table, they seldom dine in common. In almost all the dining-houses here, a bill of fare, containing a vast collection of dishes, is written out, and the prices affixed to each article. As the people of Vienna eat of variety, the calculation at the conclufion of the repast would appear fomewhat embarraffing; this, however, is done by mechanical habit with great speed. The cuftom is for the party who has dined, to name the dishes, his quantity of bread and wine, The keller, who attends on this occafion, follows every article you name, with the fum which this adds to the calculation; and the whole is per formed, to whatever amount, without ink or paper. It is curious to hear this ceremony, which is muttered with great gravity, yet performed with accuracy and dispatch. It is inconceivable how numerous these houses are in Vienna, to which we have in England nothing that corresponds exactly. There is something remarkably pleasant in this mode of living. An evening feldom passes in these houses without music, and the German dances have an air of vivacity and cheer fulness superior to all others.

I have been often regaled by a ftrolling band at one of thefe houtes; where, deeming myself totally unknown, I was accufiomed

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to pass an evening hour. I usually entered them, wrapped in my cloak, and took my feat in a corner of the room, where I might regifter what passed without attracting notice. A principal part of my amusement arose from the warm debates of fome worthy citizens, who, having dispatched the business of the day, were relaxing their minds with a little politics. I was diverted to hear these great perfonages regulating the affairs of empires-leading the combined armies into the heart of France, by a shorter cut than the Duke of Brunswick had taken-making the rebels own their lawful king, and receive their expatriated princes. I had remarked every night that I frequented one house, a little man of uncouth figure, and unpropitious phyfiognomy; and had observed him conftantly twirling a large key over his finger, whenever he entered into conversation, and ftriking this forcibly against the table, when he wished to establith his argument or filence his adversary. I was aftonished to find fo much wit and pleafantry in his difcourse. He rallied with much vivacity all nations, and all governments-but his own. He thought that France, and Switzerland, which boasted of the pureft conftitutions, had less liberty than the Austrians, whose conftitution of government he owned was the worst." In Switzerland," said he, "a man cannot ipeak his sentiments without hazard of imprisonment, nor in France without the danger of decapitation; while in Vienna a man ⚫, may indulge himself in all freedom of remark, and runs no risk, till he lends his aid to plots, cabals, and confpiracies."

There are, however, discontents at Vienna; and, were there all that freedom of speech on which the orator insisted, the coffee-houses would refound with the complaints and remonftrances of the people. On the various topics he ran over, he expressed himself with great vehemence, took much snuff, and smote frequently with his key. Some intelligence which I picked up from the house has acquainted me, that he has lately married a very pretty woman; and that every evening when he leaves her, he locks the door, and pockets the key. I will make no apology for these colorings after nature-however remote from the splendid scenes of life: my fortune has at present thrown me into those walks of society, where higher incidents. cannot occur.

The Life and Writings of the Abbé Barthelemy by the Duke de Nivernois.

John James Barthelemy was born January 20, 1716, at Caffis, a small fea-port in Provence, situated between Toulon and Marseilles; his family had long been established at Aubagne, a pleasant town in that neighbourhood, where they were much respected; his mother, Magdalen Raftit, was the daughter of a merchant at Caffis; he loft her at four years of age. At 12, his father sent him to school at Marseilles, where he made some progress in his studies under the Pere Renaud, at the college of the Oratoire; but, being destined for the church, and M. de Belzunce, the bishop of Marseilles, objecting to admit the students of that feminary into orders, he was remov

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ed with regret to the college of the Jefuits: there he fell into bad hands, and was therefore happily induced to form a plan of study for himself, independent of the profeffors of the college, and devoted himself to the study of the antient languages, the Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, and Chaldean, with fo great ardour, that it nearly cost him his life; nor did he recover his health till the period of his entering the feminary in which he received the tonfure. There he became intimately acquainted with a young Maronite, who had been educated at Rome, and now refided with his uncie, a Turkish merchant, at Marseilles, from whom he acquired a fundamental knowledge of the Arabic language, and learned to speak it with facility. By the recommendation of this young man, he got by heart several Arabic fermons, which he preached a congregation of Arabian and Armenian Catholics, who did not underftand the French language. After he had finished his academic *studies, Barthelemy retired to Aubagne, where he refided fome time, often paying vifits at Marfeilles to those learned academicians with whom a finılarity of literary purfuits had naturally connected him; among the reft, with M. Cary a great collector of medals, and with Pere Sigaloux, of the convent of Minims, with whom he studied aftronomy.

In 1744, he went to Paris with a letter of recommendation to M. de Bozc, keeper of the cabinet of medals, and tecretary of the acade my of Infcriptions and Belles Lettres; by whom he was very kindly received, and introduced to the moil diftinguithed members of the academy. The age and infirmities of M. de Boze calling for fome affift

ance in his laborious occupation, he pitched upon Barthelemy for an affociate in the care and arrangement of the cabinet; and his appointment was confirmed by M. de Maurepas, minifter of that department. Barthelemy loft no time in arranging in perfect order the large and valuable collection of M. D'Etrees and the Abbé de Rothelin, which lay in confufed heaps in boxes. These he separated, compared, and described in a fupplementary catalogue. While he was thus occupied in a manner so congenial to his taste and his talents, he was apprehenfive he should be drawn off from these purfuits to enter on a very different career. His friend and countryman, M. de Bauffet, had engaged to promote him in the church; and, being now bishop of Béziers, invited him to accept the office of bis vicar-general. Barthelemy, having promised to follow the fortunes of his friend, had no intention of retracting his engagement; but, wishing to be releafed from it, and to be left at liberty to follow his favourite studies, he fubmitted himself entirely to the decifion of the worthy prelate, who had too much good fenfe, and too warm an affection for his friend, not to comply with his wifhes.

In 1747, on the death of M. Burette, he was elected affociate of the academy of inferiptions, M. le Beau having very handfomely de. clined in Lis favour: and when M. de Bougainville refigned the office of fecretary, and recommended Barthelemy to M. D'Argenfon as his fucceffor, Barthelemy, with equal generofity, yielded to M. le Beau, to whom he afterwards fucceeded; and his annual labours in that office were in no degree checked

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ed by the daily and laborious orcupations, in which he was engaged in the cabinet of Medals, and in which he displayed fuch critical acumen and profound erudition.

In 1753, on the death of M. de Boze, with whom he had been affociated for feven years, he was made keeper of the cabinet of medals, to which office he was promoted, notwithstanding fome oppofition, by the zeal of his illuftrious friends, M. de Malesherbes, M. de Stainville, afterwards minister and Duc de Choiseul, and M. de Gontacq, brother to the last Maréchal de Biron.

In 1754, M. de Stainville, being appointed ambaffador at Rome, invited Barthelemy to accompany him to Italy; an offer which his duty and avocations would not permit him to accept. In the year 1755, however, he was enabled to take this journey with his friend M. de Cotte, and his refidence in Italy was made particularly agreeable by the continuance of M de Stainville, who introduced him to the amiable and celebrated Pope Benedict XIV. At Naples he became acquainted with Mazocchi, who was then occupied in the task of unfolding the numerous antient MSS. that had been found in Herculaneum. Mazocchi had decyphered two or three, which containing matter of little importance, the work was on the point of being abandoned at that time but for the zealous encouragement of Barthelemy, who, if the Marquis Carraciola, then minifter at Naples, and who had the matter much at heart, had lived, would certainly have been the means of the work's going on with ardour and effect. As a proof of Barthe

lemy's retentive powers; having applied in vain for the liberty to copy one of these manufcripts, in order to fend a fac fimile of the antient writing to the learned in France, and, being only fuffered to examine it, he read it over attentively five or fix times, and, fuddenly leaving the apartment, copied the fragment froin memory, and correcting, when he came back, some flight errors, he fent it the fame day to the academy of Belles Lettres; enjoining fecrecy, however, that no blame might sttach to Mazocchi. At Rome he had the pleasure and honour to give a new and fatisfactory explanation of the beautiful Mofaic of Palestina, which is printed in the thirteenth volume of the academy of infcriptions.

M. de Stainville, on his return to Paris in 1757, being named to the embaify of Vienna, Barthelemy joined him there with Madame de Stainville, who had remained behind at Rome: and a very flatter-ing offer was then made him to undertake a voyage to Greece, and up the Levant, at the king's expence; but he declined it, as incompatible with the duties of his office.

In 1758, M. de Stainville, then Duc de Choiseul, having fucceeded to the ministry in the room of Cardinal de Bernis, he determined to provide for Barthelemy; which he accordingly did, by granting him fucceffively pensions on the archbishoprick of Abby, and apon the treasury of St. Martin of Tours, and finally, the place of fecretarygeneral of the Swits; befides which, be enjoyed a penfion of 5000 livres on the Mercure.

In 1771, M. de Choiseul was difplaced in the minittry by M. D'Aiguillon.

lume, p. 74, of the ofctavo edition of Anacharfis, he has drawn the characters of the Duke and Duchefs d Choiseul ander the names of Phedime and Arfame.

In 1789, he was urged to accept the vacant feat in the French academy; and, though he had feveral times before declined it from prudence and modefty, he at length yielded to the pressing solicitation of his friends, and took his place where his reputation had gone before him, his voyage of Anacharfis having been published in the preceding year. Of this incomparable work, replete with tatte and erudition, it is unneceffary to say more than that it is in the hands of all the world, and that it will

D'Aiguillon, and banished to Chan teloup, where Barthelemy did not hefitate to follow him; and, when that minifter was compelled to refign his office of general of the Swiss, he would have given up the place of fecretary immediately, had not M. de Choiseul prevailed upon him to retain it until he could obtain an indemnity for it. He went therefore to Paris, and offered the furrender of his brevet to the Comte d'Affry, who refused to accept it; and, with many other confiderable persons about the court, thewed a great inclination to protect Barthelemy if he would confent to give up his patron. This he positively refufed to do; upon which M. D'Affry, much to his honour, terminated be read again and again with unthe business by accepting his refigceafing delight and inftruction. nation, and granting him 10,000 In 1700, on the resignation of livres out of the annual profits of the place; and Barthelemy fet off the next day for Chanteloup. He was now in poffeflion of 35,000 livres per annum, 10,000 of which he diftributed annually to men of letters in distress, and enjoyed the remainder in a manner becoming a philosopher, he educated and eftablished in the world three nephews; he affifted what remained of his family in Provence; and he collected a numerous and wellchosen library, which he fold fome years before his death. By the fuppreffion of his places and appointments, he was, at the close of his life, reduced to great difficulties; but was never known to complain; and might be seen daily traverfing Paris on foot, bent double with age and infirmity, and paying his accustomed vifits to his refpectable friend Madame de Choiseul. In the 5th volume, p. 136, and in the 7th vo

M. le Noir, librarian to the king, that honourable poft was offered to Barthelemy by M. de St. Prieft. He declined it however, being unwilling to engage in the detail of an employment that would obstruct his other literary pursuits, especially as he was now occupied in preparing for the press a work he had long meditated, namely, an exact description, and catol gue raisonnée of the rich cabinet which had been fo long under his care and inspection. In this favourite project, however, he was defeated by the peculiar circumstances of the times.

From the year 1792 there was a vifible change in his conftitution, and he became fubject to fainting fits, which deprived him of his fenfes for many hours together. He was then '78 years of age, 60 of which he had fpent in laborious occupations.

On the 30th of August, 1793 Даз be

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