a in it, but the greens are not extraordinary; for one of the roofs being made a receptacle for water, overcharged with weight, fell down laft year upon the greens, and made great deftruction among the trees and pots. In one part of it is a warren, containing about two acres, and very full of coneys, though there was but a couple put in a few years fince. There is a pond or a mote round about them, and on the outside of that a brick wall four feet high, both which I think will not keep them within their compass. There is a large fith-pond lying on the fouth to a brick wall, which is finely clad with philaria. Water brought from far in pipes furnishes his several ponds as they want it. 13. Sir Jofiah Child's plantations of walnut and other trees at Wanfted, are much more worth feeing than his gardens, which are but indifferent. Besides the great number of fruit trees he has planted in his enclosures with great regularity, he has vast number of elms, athes, limes, &c. planted in rows on Epping Foreft. Before his outgate, which is above twelve score feet distance from his house, are two large fish-ponds on the foreft, in the way from his house, with trees on either fide lying betwixt them; in the middle of either pond is an island betwixt 20 and 30 yards over; in the middle of each a houfe, the one like the other. They are faid to be well stocked with fith, and so they had need to be, if they cost him 5000l as it is faid they did; as alfo that his plantations coft twice as much, 14. Sir Robert Clayton has a great plantation at Marden in Surrey, in a foil not very benign to plants; but with great charge he forces nature to obey him. His gardens are big enough, but strangely irregular, his chief walk not being level, but rifing in the middle, and falling much more at one end than the other; neither is the wall carried by a line either on the top or fides, but runs like an ordinary park wall, built as the ground goes; he built a good green-house, but set it so that the hills in winter keep the fun from it; so that they place their greens in a house on higher ground not built for that purpose. His dwelling-house stands very low, furrounded with great hills; and yet they have no water but what is forced from a deep well into a water-house, whence they are furnished at pleasure. 15. The archbishop of Canterbury's Garden at Lambeth has little in it but walks, the late archbishop not delighting in one; but they are now making it better; and they have already made a green. house, one of the finest and coftlieft about the town. It is of three rooms, the middle having a stove under it; the forefides of the rooms are almost all glass, the roof covered with lead the whole part (to adorn the building) rifing gravel-wife higher than the rest; but it is placed so near Lambeth church, that the fun shines most on it in winter after eleven o'clock; fault owned by the gardener, but not thought on by the contrivers. Most of the greens are oranges and lemons, which have very large ripe fruits on them. a 16. Dr. Uvedale, of Enfield, is a greater lover of plants, and, having an extraordinary art in manageing them, is become matter of the greatest and choiceft collection of exotic greens that is perhaps any where in this land. His greens Gg3 teke take up fix or seven houses or this fummer with three rooms roomsteads. His orange trees and largest myrtles fill up his biggest house, and another house is filled with myrtles of a less fize; and those more nice and curious plants that need closer keeping are in warmer rooms, and some of them stoved (fomewhat like the archbishop of Canterbury's), the middle with a stove under it and a skylight above, and both of them of glass on the forefide, with shutters within, and the roof finely covered with Irish flate. But this fine house is under when he thinks fit. His flowers the same great fault with three are choice, his stock numerous, and his culture of them very methodical and curious; but, to speak of the garden in the whole, it does not lie fine to please the eye; his delight and care lying more in the ordering particular plants, than in the pleasing view and form of his garden. 17. Dr. Tillotson's Garden near Enfield is a pleasurable place for walks, and fome good walls there are too; but the tall afpin trees, and the many ponds in the heart of it, are not so agreeable. He has two houses for greens, but had few in them, all the rest being removed to Lambeth. The house moated about. 18. Mr. Evelyn has a pleasant villa at Deptford, a fine garden for walks and hedges (especially his holly one, which he writes of in his Sylva) and a pretty little green-house with an indifferent stock in it. In his garden he has four large, round philareas, fmooth clipped, raised on a fingle stalk from the ground, a fashion now much ufed. Part of his garden is very woody and thady for walking; but his garden not being walled has little of the best fruits. 19. Mr. Watts's house and garden made near Enfield are new; but the garden for the time is very fine, and large, and regularly laid out, with a fair fish-pond in the middle. He built a green-house before (Numbers 8, 14, 15): they built it in fummer, and thought not of winter; the dwelling-house on the fouth side interpofing betwixt the fun and it, now when its beams should refresh plants. 20. Brompton Park Garden, belonging to Mr. London and Mr. Wife, has a large long green-house, the front all glass and board, the northfide brick. Here the King's greens, which were in fummer at Kensington, are placed: but they take but little room in comparison of their own. Their garden is chiefly a nursery for all forts of plants, of which they are very full. 21. Mr. Raynton's Garden at Enfield is obfervable for nothing but his green house, which he has had for many years. His orange, lemon, and myrtle trees are as full and furnished as any in cases. He has a myrtle cut in thape of a chaise, that is at least fix feet high from the cafe, but the lower part is thin of leaves. The rest of the garden is very ordinary, and on the outfide of his garden he has a warren, which makes the ground about his feat lie rudely, and fometimes the coneys work under the wall into the garden. 22. Mr. Richardfon at Eaft Barnet has a pretty garden, with fine walks and good flowers; but the garden not being walled about they have less summer fruit, yet are, therefore, the more industrious in managing managing the peach and apricot dwarf standards, which, they say, fupply them plentifully with very good fruit. There is a good fithpond in the middle of it, from which a broad gravel walk leads to the highway, where a fair pair of broad gates, with a narrower on either fide, open at the top to look through small bars, well wrought and well painted, are a great ornament to the garden. They have orange and lemon trees; but the wife and fon being the managers of the garden (the husband being gouty and not minding it) they cannot prevail for a house for them other than a barn end. 23. Captain Forster's Garden at Lambeth has many curiofities in it. His green-house is full of fresh and Aourishing plants, and before it is the finest striped holly-hedge that perhaps is in England. He has many myrtles, not the greatest but of the most fanciful shapes, that are any where elfe. He has a framed walk of timber covered with vines, which with others, running on most of his walls without prejudice to his lower trees, yield him a deal of wine. Of flowers he has a good choice, and his Virginia and other birds in a great variety, with his glass hive, add much to the pleasure of his garden. 24. Monfieur Anthony Vesprit has a little garden of very choice things. His green-house has no very great number of plants, but what he has are of the best fort, and very well ordered. His orange and lemon (fruit and tree) are extraordinary fair, and for lentiscuses and and Roman bayes he has choice above others. 25. Ricketts at Hoxton has a large ground, and abundantly stocked with all manner of flowers, fruit trees, and other garden plants, with lime trees, which are now much planted; and, for a fale garden, he has a very good greenhouse, and well filled with fresh greens; befides which he has another room very full of greens in pots. He has a greater ftock of Affyrian thyme than any body else; for befides many pots of it, he has beds abroad, with plenty of roots, which they cover with mats and straw in winter. He fells his things with the dearest, and not taking due care to have his plants prove well, he is supposed to have loft much of his custom. 26. Pearfon has not near fo large a ground as Ricketts (on whom he almost joins, and therefore he has not fo many trees; but of flowers he has great choice, and of anemonies he avers he has the best about London, and fells them only to gentlemen. He has no greenhouse, yet has abundance of myrtle and striped philareas, with oranges and other greens, which he keeps safe enough under sheds funk a foot within ground, and covered with straw. He has abundance of cypreffes, which at three feet high, he fells for four pence apiece to those that take any number. He is moderate in his prices, and accounted very honest in his dealing, which gets him much chapmanry. 27. Darby, at Hoxton, has but a little garden, but is master of several curious greens that other sale gardeners want, and which he saves from cold and winter weather in green houses of his own making. His Fritalaria Craffa (a green) had a flower on it of the breadth of half a crown, like an Gg4 embroidered embroidered star of several colours; I faw not the like any where, no not at Dr. Uvedale's, though he has the fame plant. He raises many striped hollies by inoculation, though Captain Foster grafts them as we do apple-trees. He is very curious in propagating greens, but is dear with them. He has a folio paper book, in which he has patted the leaves and flowers of almost all manner of plants, which make a pretty show, and are more inftructive than any cuts in Herbals. 28. Clements, at Mile End, has no bigger a garden than Darby. but has more greens, yet not of fuch curious forts. He keeps them in a green house made with a light charge. He has vines in many places about old trees, which they wind about. He made wine this year of his white muscadine, and white frontinac, better, I thought, than any French white wine. He keeps a shop of feeds in plants, in pots next the ftreet. of the old Testament*. The con quests of Alexander seem to have opened the discovery of it to the western parts of the world. Nearchus, + his admiral, found the sugar cane in the East-Indies, as appears from his account of it, quoted by Strabo. It is not howeyer, clear, from what he says, that any art was used in bringing the juice of the cane to the confift ence of fugar. Theophraftus, who lived not long after, seems to have had fome knowledge of fsugar, at least of the cane from which it is prepared. In enumerating the different kinds of honey, he mentions one that is found in reeds, which must have been meant of fome of those kinds which produce fugar. Eratofthenes, alfo, is quoted by Strabo, as speaking of the roots of large reeds found in India, which were sweet to the taste both when raw and when boiled. The next author, in point of time, that makes mention of fugar is Varro, who, in a fragment quoted by Ifidorus, evidently alludes to this fubftance. He describes it as a fluid, prefied out from reeds of a large fize, which was sweeter than honey. Diofcorides, fpeaking of the different kinds of honey, says, that "there is a kind of it, in a concrete state, called Saccharon, which is found in reeds in India and Arabia Felix. This, he adds, has the appearance of salt; and, like that * Since writing the above, I have observed that the sweet cane is mentioned in two places in Scripture, and in both as an article of merchandize. It does not feem to have been the produce of Judea, as it is fpoken of as coming from a far country. Ifaiah, chap. xliii. V. 24. Jeremiah, chap. vi. v. 2o. It is worthy of remark, that the word Sachar fignifies, in the Hebrew language, inebriation, which makes it probable, that the juice of the cane had been early use ufed for mak ing fome fermented liquor. + Ante Chrift. Anms 325 is beneficial to the bowels and ftomach, if taken diffolved in water; and is also useful in diseases of the bladder and kidneys. Being sprinkled on the eye, it removes those substances that obscure the fight." The above is the first account I have feen of the medicinal virtues of fugar. This that, is brittle when chewed. It and found in pieces of the fize of a hazelnut It was used in medicine only. Salmafius, in his Plinianæ Exercitationes, fays, that Pliny relates, upon the authority of Juba the hiftorian, that fome reeds grew in the fortunate iflands which increased to the fize of trees, and yielded a liquor that was sweet and agreeable to the palate. plant he coucludes to be the fugar cane; but I think the passage in Pliny scarcely implies fo much.Hitherto we have had no account of aby artificial preparation of fugar, by beiling or otherwife; but there is a patlage in Statius, that feems, if the reading be genuine, to allude to the boiling of fugar, and is thought to refer immediately thereto by Stephens in his Thefaurus. Galen appears to have been well acquainted with fugar, which he defcribes, nearly as Diofcorides, had done, as a kind of honey, called Sacchar, that came from India and Arabia Felix and concreted in reeds He describes it as less fweet than honey, but of fimilar qualities, as detergent, deficcative, and digerent. He remarks a difference, however, in that ugar is not like honey injurious to the stomach, or productive of thirst. If the third book of Galen, " Upon medicines that may be easily procured," be genuine, we have reason to think fugar could not be a scarce article, as it is there repeatedly prescribed. Lucan alludes to sugar, in his third book, where he speaks of the fweet juices expressed from reeds, which were drank by the people of India. Seneca, the philosopher, likewise speaks of an oily sweet juice in reeds, which probably was fugar. Pliny was better acquainted with this substance, which he calls by the name of Saccaron; and fays, that it was brought from Arabia and India, but the best from the latter country. He describes it as a kind of honey, obtained from reeds, of a white colour, resembling gum, and brittle when prefssed by the teeth, Arrian in his Periplus of the Red Sea, speaks of the honey from reeds, called Sacchar (Σαχας) as one of the articles of trade between Ariace and Barygaza, two places of the hither India, and fome of the ports on the Red Sea. Ælian, in his natural hiftory, speaks of a kind of honey, which was preised from reeds, that grew among the Prafii, a people that lived near the Ganges. Tertullian also speaks of sugar, in his book De Iduicio Dei, as a kind of honey procured from canes. Alexander Aphrodisæus appears to have been acquainted with fugar, which was, in his time, regarded as an Indian production. He says, "that what the Indians called fugar, was a concretion of of honey, in reeds, resembling grains of falt, of a white colour, and brittle, and poffeffing a detergent and purgative power like to honey, |