On Biomineralization

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION; CHAPTER 2 MINERALS AND MACROMOLECULES; The Minerals; Impact of Biomineralization on the Biosphere; The Macromolecules; CHAPTER 3 BIOMINERALIZATION PROCESSES; Controlled and Uncontrolled Biomineralization Processes; Biologically Induced Mineralization; Biologically Controlled Mineralization; Space Delineation; The Preformed Organic Matrix Framework; Setting up the Saturated Solution; Control over Nucleation; Control over Crystal Growth; Cessation of Crystal Growth; The Real World; CHAPTER 4 PROTOCTISTA; Diatoms (Bacillariophyta). Ultrastructure of Valve FormationValve Formation; Uptake, Transport, and Deposition of Silicon; Foraminiferida; Agglutinating Foraminifera; Miliolids; Rotaline Foraminifera; Haptophyta (Coccolithophoridae); Intracellular Coccolith Formation; Extracellular Holococcolith Formation; Non-Coccolith-Associated Mineralization; Silicification of Cysts; CHAPTER 5 CNIDARIA; Spicules; Spicule Aggregates; Fused Spicular Aggregates; Massive Skeletons: The Scleractinian Corals; Larval Scleractinian Skeleton; Adult Scleractinian Skeleton; Processes of Scleractinian Coral Mineralization; CHAPTER 6 MOLLUSCA. AplacophoraMonoplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora: Tooth Formation; Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, and Gastropoda: Shell Formation; The Mantle; The Periostracum; The Shell; The Zone between the Mantle and the Shell; Shell Dissolution and Remodeling; CHAPTER 7 ARTHROPODA; Arthropod Cuticle; The Mineralized Crustacean Cuticle; Moulting and Mineralization in the Crustacea; CHAPTER 8 ECHINODERMATA; Spicule Formation in Sea Urchin Larvae; Mineralization in Adult Sea Urchins; The Nature of the Mineral Phase; CHAPTER 9 CHORDATA; Ascidiacea; Craniata (Vertebrates); Bone; Molecular Organization of Bone. The MineralThe Organic Matrix; Collagen-Crystal Relations; Stages of Bone Mineralization; Cartilage; Cartilage in the Unmineralized Form; Mineralized Cartilage; Enamel and Enameloid; Enameloid; Enamel; The Crystals; The Organic Maxtrix; Maturation; A Perspective; CHAPTER 10 SOME NONSKELETAL FUNCTIONS IN BIOMINERALIZATION; Gravity Perception; Functions of Biologically Formed Magnetite Crystals; Ferritin: An Iron Storage Macromolecule; Biological Control over Ice Formation; Induction of Ice Crystals by Certain Plant Bacteria. Inhibition of Ice Crystal Formation by Glycoproteins from Polar Fish BloodCHAPTER 11 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON BIOMINERALIZATION; Increase in the Amount of Biogenic Mineral Formed in Marine Warm Waters as Compared to Cold Waters; Different Minerals Formed in Response to Environmental Changes; Environmental Influences on Trace Element and Oxygen Isotopic Composition; Trace Element Contents; The Environment and Stable Oxygen Isotopes; Environmental Influence on Skeletal Growth; CHAPTER 12 EVOLUTION OF BIOMINERALIZATION; The Early Evolution of Biomineralization